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Arvīds Pelše ((ロシア語:А́рвид Я́нович Пе́льше), Arvid Yanovich Pelshe); – May 29, 1983) was a Soviet politician, functionary, and historian. He was Latvian by nationality. == Career == Pelše was born into a peasant family, in "Mazie" farm near Zālīte, Iecava in Bauska District, Latvia to Johan Pelshe and his wife Lisa. He was baptized in the village church on March 14 of the same year.〔LVVA. Ф. 235, Оп. 7, Д. 110, Л. 78 об-79.〕 As a worker in Riga, Pelše joined the Social-Democratic Party (Bolsheviks) of the Latvian Region in 1915. In 1916 he met Lenin in Switzerland.〔Who's Who in ''Russia Since 1900'', Martin McCauley〕 Between 1914 and 1918, Pelše worked in the workshops of Riga and Vitebsk, as a milling machine operator at the steam-engine making plant in Kharkov, as a punching worker in Petrograd and a loader in the port of Arkhangelsk. On behalf of the local committees he had joined the revolutionary propaganda. He was delegate of the sixth congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party of the Arkhangelsk party organization. Participated in February revolution in 1917, Pelše was also a member of the famous Petrograd Soviet. He was actively involved in the preparation and conducting of the October Revolution in 1917. In 1918 he joined the Cheka. In 1918, he was sent by Lenin to Latvia to prosecute the revolution there. In 1919 he was attached to the Red Army and later became a manager in the Construction Ministry of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic. After the defeat of the Soviet Latvian régime he returned to Russia in 1919.〔 He was a lecturer and political commissar in the Red Army from 1919 to 1929. In 1931 he graduated from the history department of the Moscow Institute of the Red Professoriat, and between 1931-1933 he was a graduate student in the institute; At the same time he was an instructor at the Institute of Party History at the Central School of NKVD between 1929-1932. Between 1933-1937 he was first deputy of the Commissariat of State Farms (Sovkhozes). Between 1937-40 he taught history in the Moscow Higher Educational Institute. In June 1940 he played a leading role in the process of admitting of Latvia into the USSR. From March 1941 to 1959 he served as Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Latvia on propaganda and agitation. During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945 he had been working to prepare the party and the Soviet cadres to transform Latvia to a communist state. In 1958 he traveled to Denmark to attend the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of Denmark. July 1959 to November 1959 marked the purge of all nascent nationalism from the Latvian communist party—about 2,000 of the party leadership and activists were stripped of their posts and privileges. The Soviets elevated Pelše to First Secretary, replacing the purged Kalnbērziņš on November 25, 1959. On January 1960, for example, Pelše promptly denounced his former (purged) associates for deviating from "''the right path in carrying out Leninist nationality policy''".〔Soviet Disunion〕 From that point forward, the First Secretaries of the Latvian SSR were servile party functionaries, as first embodied by Pelše, whom Latvians regarded as symbols of submissiveness to the Soviets.〔Dreifelds, Juris, Latvia in Transition, Cambridge University Press, 1996.〕〔Bogdan, Henry, Histoire des peuples de l’ex-URSS (of the Peoples of the former USSR'' ), Perrin, Paris, 1993.〕 Pelše was appointed as member of the Central Committee in 1961. That same year, after Yuri Gagarin returned from his space mission, Pelše proposed changing the name of the Latvian capital Rīga but even the Soviet central authorities saw this as too extreme an action. In 1963, Pelše headed a commission nicknamed the "Pelše Commission", which investigated the assassination of Sergey Kirov. The commission finished its work in 1967.〔''Who Killed Kirov?: The Kremlin's Greatest Mystery'', 2000〕 Pelše served as First Secretary of the Latvian SSR until April 15, 1966. At the 23rd Party Congress in 1966 Pelše addressed his colleagues as follows: :"''We will never permit anyone to interfere in our internal affairs but will conduct a determined struggle against any imperialist interference in the affairs of other countries and peoples.''" On November 7, 1975 Pelshe made a speech in the ceremony commemorating the 58th anniversary of the October Revolution. In his address Pelshe confirmed continuing Soviet support for "fighters for freedom" and "the patriots in Angola."〔Angola, national liberation and the Soviet Union, Dr. Daniels Papp〕 He was rewarded for his faithful service, being selected by the 23rd Party Congress for full membership to the Politburo of the CPSU, a position he held until his death in May 1983. Pelše was also named chairman of the Party Control Committee, 1966-1983 which oversees the discipline of party members. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arvīds Pelše」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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